The abstracts journal reflects the scientific publications of Georgia in the field of humanities. It contains abstracts of scientific articles, monographs, dissertations, reports of conferences in the fields of history and archeology, language and literature, philosophy, religion, and art. The abstracts journal of the national sci-tech publications has been published since 2000 by the Institute Techinformi of the Georgian Technical University. On its basis, a Georgian-English language database "Scientific Publications of Georgia" has been generated, which is available on the Internet in free access mode. Updating this database with publications in the humanities is a belated but undoubtedly a matter of great importance. Georgian Abstracts Journal of Humanities is bilingual, published in Georgian and English. The abstracts are systematized according to the Field of Science and Technology Classification in the Frascati Manual (OECD) The journal includes author and subject indexes. The new abstracts journal will expand the distribution of Georgian scholarly publications and help find research partners OECD Classifier Accepted Journal
The Types of the Causative Construction in Georgian
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature 1.6.2.2.1. The Types of the Causative Construction in Georgian. /Z. Baratashvili/. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). – 2019. – v. 13. – #1. – pp. 126-136. – eng.; abs.: geo., eng. In the article, the types of causative constructions in Georgian are discussed with respect to semantic roles, syntactic functions, and morphological marking. The three types of causaitve: lexical, analytic, and morphological are mentioned, but within the scope of the article, all the analyses are focused on and the restrictive rules are established according to the latter. The Georgian Causative are checked according to the hierarchy of grammatical relations by Comrie and the generalization of case marking by Baker. Theoretically possible and actually attested combinations of basic and syntactically derived constructions are calculated with respect to valency and transitivity. At the end of the paper the restrictive rules (according to Baker) and relationship with the Comrian ideas are established. The schemes are shown according to the relationship and correspondences of semantic roles and syntactic functions (taking into account both basic and derived constructions). The results are useful for the linguistic typology. Ref. 12. Auth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors retain all rights. The Journal has only the right of the secondary publication. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en
The Issue of Qualification of Evidential-Epistemic Screeves in Megrelian
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.6. Linguistics, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN: 1987-7323: Language and Culture / Foundation For Development of Art and Pedagogical Sciences 1.6.2.1.9. The Issue of Qualification of Evidential-Epistemic Screeves in Megrelian. /M. Lomia/. Journal Language and Culture. – 2020. – #23. – pp. 51-57. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng. In Megrelian, like other Kartvelian languages and, in general, numerous languages of the world, there are two types of evidentiality: modalized and non-modalized. When information is obtained from an inferential source based on background knowledge, such information is considered as dubitable, probable, likely. Based on such evaluation, the forms expressing epistemic modality are created. These forms are expressed both descriptively and organically. In Megrelian, modalized evidentiality is also expressed lexically (descriptively) and grammatically (by means of verb paradigms i.e. screeves). The given paper focuses on the issue of qualification of epistemic-evidential screeves in Megrelian. It should be mentioned that such verb-forms were noted, distinguished and described in the Georgian scientific literature at the end of the past century, yet, they were qualified differently. When speaking of the organic (morphological) formation of evidentialepistemic forms, we imply complex forms expressed by means of Present Subjunctive or Conditional I, as well as additional means (i"i/i"uapu „may be“, i"idu/i"uapudu „would be”). Initially, the distinction of these forms was closely related to the formation of the future tense, and the forms of both types were termed as follows: Future Continuous: arundas i"i/i"uapu „he/she may be writing“; arunduko i"idu/i"uapudu „would be writing“. Later, the forms were separately termed as: Future Continuous: arundas i"i/i"uapu „may be writing“ and Conditional Continuous: arunduko i"idu/i"uapudu „would be writing“. Later, the forms expressed by means of Present Subjunctive and additional means were termed as Present Continuous Subjunctive. It should be noted that consideration of opinions of different authors (Z. Chumburidze, I. Kobalava, K. Margiani) and the evaluation of the forms in question from the viewpoint of evidentiality have enabled their qualification as evidential-epistemic screeves. Namely, based on the corresponding methodological approach, it has been concluded that: 1. In Megrelian, there are two evidential-epistemic screeves: Evidential-Epistemic Present and Evidential-Epistemic Imperfect I. 2. Evidential-Epistemic Presentis expressed by means of Present Subjunctive and i"i/i"uapu „may be“ modal form. 3. Evidential-Epistemic Imperfect I is expressed by means of Conditional I and the modal form i"idu/i"uapudu „would be“. 4. The complex forms of evidential-epistemic screeves express dubitable-probable actions in the present and past. In this, they are opposed to actions expressed by means of neutral present and continuous tenses. 5. The Megrelian complex forms of evidential-epistemic screeves are expressed in Georgian by means of neutral present or continuous verb-forms and the modality adverb „probably“. 6. In spite of the fact that evidentialepistemic screeves consist of two parts and are of complex structure, they are semantically unified and they perfectly fall within the tense system. Ref. 8. Auth.
-=-ISSN: 1987-7323: Language and Culture / Foundation For Development of Art and Pedagogical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors Retain All Rights. GEORGIAN ABSTRACTS JOURNAL in Humanitarian Sciences Has the Right of the Secondary Publication of the Abstracts for Indexation Purposes in the Abstracts' Base of the Institute Techinformi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en
Lexical Manifestations of the Cultural Specificity of Emotions in the Context of Teaching Russianas a Foreign Language.
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2168-7315; ISSN: 2168-7307: West East Journal of Social Sciences 1.6.2.1.8. Lexical Manifestations of the Cultural Specificity of Emotions in the Context of Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language. /E. Fatyushina, V. Popova/. Journal WEST-EAST. – 2019. – v. 2. – #1. – pp. 147-151. – rus.; abs.: eng., rus., geo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33739/2587-5434-2019-2-147-151 The aim of the study is to identify and describe various ways of manifestation of cultural specificity of emotions in the vocabulary of the language, as well as to examine the possibility of using this specificity in the formation of a secondary language personality in the process of mastering Russian as a foreign language. The article uses the following methods: comparative, context analysis, case study, questioning. The cultural peculiarity of emotions is lexically manifested in the degree of their specification, which is expressed in the number of synonyms denoting the same emotional state in different languages or in the presence of additional lexemes to denote a specific variety of an emotion. Emotional vocabulary of languages can differ by potential semes, and semantic specificity entails differences in combinability. The choice of emotional vocabulary with a particular connotation also depends on the language situation. When studying a language, at the level of vocabulary semantization, it is necessary to analyze synonymic rows, to take into account the peculiarities of the compatibility and contextual use of words in the language, the specifics of functioning in different areas of language, as well as peculiarities of connotation. Ref. 15. Auth.
-=-E-ISSN 2168-7315; ISSN: 2168-7307: West East Journal of Social Sciences
Culture Contact and Values Conflict in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language.
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.1. General language studies , -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2168-7315; ISSN: 2168-7307: West East Journal of Social Sciences 1.6.2.1.7. Culture Contact and Values Conflict in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language. /L. Bogdanova/. Journal WEST-EAST. – 2019. – v. 2. – #1. – pp. 139-143. – rus.; – abs.: eng., rus., geo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33739/2587-5434-2019-2-139-143 The article discusses the interaction of cultural values in teaching Russian. The purpose of the article is to show the universal and national-specific in the cultural spaces of languages that come into contact in learning of Russian as a foreign language. During the research various methods and operational procedures were used including analysis of definitions, component analysis, context transformation, equivalent replacement, modeling, linguistic experiment, etc. In the article the ways of reflection of cultural values in language are considered. The special attention is paid to the research of values conflict in the conditions of culture contact. The estimated sign of evaluation can be changed depending on the point of view that the value fixes: the view from the inside or the view from the outside. The structure of views about the same event can not correspond in different cultural communities. This work is deeply connected with such topical questions as formation of associative potential of words, national and cultural specificity of connotations, the means of its lexicographical representation, decoding of speaker’s value system. Ref. 19. Auth.
Symbolics of China Realia in Russian Verbal Culture (in the Verbal Aspect of Teaching Russian asa Foreign Language).
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.1. General language studies , -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2168-7315; ISSN: 2168-7307: West East Journal of Social Sciences 1.6.2.1.6. Symbolics of China Realia in Russian Verbal Culture (in the Verbal Aspect of Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language). /V. Abramova, J. Arkhangelskaya/. Journal WEST-EAST. – 2019. – v. 2. – #1 – pp. 130- 135. – rus.; abs.: eng., rus., geo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33739/2587-5434-2019-2-131-135 The authors of the article present a method, which has been worked out and tested by them and which is intended to help Chinese students in studying Russian lexical and phraseological units with a symbolic component referring to China and the Chinese (e.g. the lexical unit китаец in certain contexts can represent a personalized symbol of cunning; the phraseological unit китайская стена stands for a symbol of strength and insularity or excessive length of a building etc.). Knowledge of these units is urgent for foreign learners because it enables them to avoid culture shock and communicative shock when dealing with the Russians and facilitates communication with them. The method presupposes familiarizing students with symbolic meaning, etymology and usage specificity of the Russian lexical and phraseological units about China and the Chinese (китаец, шанхай, китайская грамота, китайская стена, китайские церемонии, последнее китайское предупреждение, etc.), practicing usage of these units in speech, comparing them with the Chinese ethnic stereotypes about the Russians. Tab.1, Ref. 12. Auth.
Teaching Russian as a Foreign language in Serbia (Serbian-Russian interlanguage homonyms inteaching Russian language).
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.1. General language studies , -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2168-7315; ISSN: 2168-7307: West East Journal of Social Sciences 1.6.2.1.5. რუსული ენის, როგორც უცხო ენის სწავლება ენობრივი გარემოს გარეთ (სერბულ-რუსული ენათშორისი ომონიმები რუსული ენის სწავლებაში). /გ. ნაუმოვიჩი/. WEST-EAST. – 2019. – ტ. 2. – #1. – გვ.127-130. – რუს.; რეზ.: ინგლ., რუს., ქართ. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33739/2587-5434-2019-2-127-130 ცნობილი ფაქტია, რომ კულტურას განსაზღვრავს მშობლიური ენა. დღესდღეობით არაფილოლოგ სერბ სტუდენტებში შეინიშნება ხშირი შეცდომები რუსულ ენაში. ზოგადად ერთი ენობრივი ჯგუფის ენები, რომელთაც ახლონათესაურს უწოდებენ (მაგალითად სერბული და რუსული) უფრო ადვილად ათვისებადია ვიდრე ნაკლები ნათესაობის მქონე ენები (მაგალითად სერბული და ინგლისური). საკმაოდ სწრაფად მიიღწევა ზეპირი თუ წერილობითი მეტყველების გაგება, რადგან მრავალი სიტყვა უკვე გასაგებია. ენების ამგვარი სიახლოვე იწვევეს მათი სწრაფად და ადვილად ათვისების ილუზორულ თვითდარწმუნებას. არადა მსგავსი სიტყვა შესაძლებელია მთარგმნელის ყალბი მეგობარი აღმოჩნდეს. სტატიაში წინა პლანზე წამოწეულია შეცდომების გამომწვევი რეალური მიზეზები. ასევე განხილულია, თუ როგორ კარგავს სერბეთში რუსული ენა თავის აქტუალობას და როგორ ჩაანაცვლებს მათ ინგლისური. ლიტ. 4. ავტ.
Culture in the Space of Lingodidactic Conceptology.
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.1. General language studies , -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2168-7315; ISSN: 2168-7307: West East Journal of Social Sciences 1.6.2.1.4. Culture in the Space of Lingodidactic Conceptology. /E. Tareva/. Journal WEST-EAST. – 2019. – v. 2. – #1. – pp. 123-127. – rus.; abs.: geo., eng., rus. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33739/2587-5434-2019-2-123-127 This paper concerns a methodologically significant issue that reveals the underlying processes of the development of scientific knowledge in the field of methods of teaching foreign languages. It introduces the concept as a basic unit in “conceptology” and “linguoconceptology”. The study identifies the values and key (threshold) concepts in the field of foreign language teaching methodology and shows how the evolution of a key concept demonstrates the development of scientific knowledge. The object under study is the concept of “culture” in the linguistic educational perspective. The factors that determine the transformation of the concept are justified. They are linked to a change in educational paradigms. Ref. 19. Auth.
History of Corpus Linguistics as a Nes Interdisciplinary Field in Georgia (Corpora andWebcorpora).
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.1. General language studies , 6.2.6. Linguistics, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN: 1987-7323: Language and Culture / Foundation For Development of Art and Pedagogical Sciences 1.6.2.1.3. History of Corpus Linguistics as a Nes Interdisciplinary Field in Georgia (Corpora and Webcorpora). /N. Kenchiashvili/. Journal Language and Culture. – 2020. – #23. – pp. 38-50. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng. Popularizing of corpus linguistics in Georgia was promoted by scholars of the Institute of Empirical Linguistics of Goethe University of Frankfurt: J. Gippert, M. Tandashvili, et al. Since 2012, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University has hosted summer and winter schools in corpus linguistics, digital Kartvelology and digital humanities. The first Georgian handbook in corpus linguistics was published by M. Tandashvili and Z. Purtskhvanidze in 2014, entitled "Corpus Linguistics Paradigm in Linguistics" and in 2018 by R. Khalvashi's authorship − "Introduction to Digital Humanities". In the process of documenting Georgian languages, the leading role is also given by the Institute of Empirical Linguistics of Goethe University of Frankfurt. As a result, we have a many sources such as TITUS-ARMAZI (Alternative Resources, Materials, Applications and Zipped Information – Caucasian Languages and Cultures: Email Documentation) − 1999-2002, ECLinG (Endangered Caucasian Languages in Georgia) Languages in Georgia) − 2002-2005, SSGG (Die Soziolinguistische Situation im gegenwärtigen Georgien – Sociolinguistic situation in modern Georgia), 2005-2007. Besides the above mentioned electronic resources, the Georgian National Corpus Project (GNCC) has laid the foundations for such projects as the Georgian language corpus; Georgian Dialectic Corpus, Georgian Scientific Metalanguage Corpus, Georgian political corpus and etc. At the base of Ilia State University there were also several important projects aimed at building the corpus: Georgian language corpus and The Epigraphic Corpus of Georgia. In addition, the linguistic corpus of the Georgian language, which was created at the Georgian Technical University and Parallel Corpus − parallel corpus of English-Georgian scientific texts, created by the "lexicographic center" of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. Besides the Georgian language corpora, there is also the Georgian webcorpus named KaWaC (Kartvelian Web as a Corpus), which was created within the framework of S. Daraselia's doctoral studies. Thus, after the development of the corpus linguistics in Georgia, many types of corpus and WebCorpus were created, which is a very important fact. Ref. 26. Auth.
Valency of the Georgian sign language (GESL) verbs.
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.1. General language studies , 6.2.6. Linguistics, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN: 1987-7323: Language and Culture / Foundation For Development of Art and Pedagogical Sciences 1.6.2.1.2. Valency of the Georgian sign language (GESL) verbs. /T. Makharoblidze/. Journal Language and Culture. – 2019. – #22. – pp. 31-40. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng. Like in many other spoken and sign languages, in GESL verb may have a subject and an object. Sign languages are considered as polypersonal verbal languages. Although the approach to the category of verbal valency and verbal argument structures is absolutely different from the one spread in spoken languages. In sign languages so called incorporated or polypersonal verbs are the verbs which can kinetically display the object directed dynamics. In contrast from spoken languages, in sign languages the verbal valency depends on the object oriented kinetic vector. Sign languages are 3D spatial visual languages, and verbal persons/arguments and valency are connected to this spatial dynamics. In sign languages, lexical and semantic content is not the central point of verbal valency, unlike spoken languages. This fact should be taken into account in a broad typological analysis, since it introduces large changes in typological points of view regarding incorporated verbs and argument structures in in languages as a whole. Ref. 33. Auth.
On the Methodological Aspects of Identifying the Nominal Stems in Georgian.
Section: 6.2. Languages & literature Categories: 6.2. Languages & literature , 6.2.6. Linguistics, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN: 1987-7323: Language and Culture / Foundation For Development of Art and Pedagogical Sciences 1.6.2.1.1. On the Methodological Aspects of Identifying the Nominal Stems in Georgian. /R. Gersamia/. Journal Language and Culture. – 2019. – #22. – pp. 14-20. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng. In Georgian scholarly literature, the nominal stem is identified based on a simple linguistic method, namely, removal of the marker from a nominal lexeme in the ergative or dative case. The arguments in support of the dative case are based on the stability of the root and suffixal morphemes: a) the root of the lexeme in the dative case is not subject to phonetical alteration, b) the dative case is represented by one morpheme /-ს/ of C structure with all kinds of stems i.e. it is not represented by allomorphs. The issue becomes complicated in case of plural stems with -eb markers. Based on the above-mentioned method, the nominal stem ends with marker /-eb/ of VC structure. Thus, a nominal lexeme with ებ plural marker can only be consonantal, whereas, according to the type of declension, it can belong solely to the first i.e. consonantal type (A. Shanidze), which enables the following subtypes: stems subject to syncope and those not subject to syncope. According to this logic, there are different stems in the singular and plural. The system suggested by A. Shanidze is solid and true for the entire class of nominal parts of speech. According to this logic, defining a stem based on its final sound (consonant or vowel) is relevant only for the singular form. Only with regard to the singular form we can discuss morphonological issues: the changes and relations between the root and affixal morphemes. The plural system is based on certain paradigms i.e. paradigmatically, no changes are expected, because the changed paradigm appears in the initial nominative case. This issue is related to the phonetic structure of the plural morpheme. Analysis of the plural stem of a nominal part of speech should embrace the following issues: 1.The agglutinative nature of the Georgian language, the morphosyntactic chain of the nominal stem and the rank structure of morphemes. 2. The status of the morpheme /-eb/ based on diverse methods of linguistic analysis. 3. The boundary between derivation and inflexion (analysis of examples of the following type: k’op’l-ian-eb-i - k’op’l-eb-ian-i – k’op’l-eb-ian-eb-i . Corpus statistics). 4. Should the methodological approach be changed? What should serve as the basis for the new definition of the nominal stem? 5. What are the arguments in favour of A. Shanidze’s system and what are the counterarguments against the given system? Ref. 6. Auth.
Human habitation in Caucasia in the Coldest and Driest Period of the Last Glaciation.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA 1.6.1.2.11. Human habitation in Caucasia in the Coldest and Driest Period of the Last Glaciation. /A. Gavashelishvili/. West Caucasus - Archaeological Context. – 2020. – #1. – pp. 117-132. – geo.; abs.: geo., Eng., Rus. Since the period the modern human originated anatomically, genetic diversity was accumulated in the hereditarily transferred DNA (e.g. Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA), which makes it possible to estimate the ways of human origination and evolution. The research presented in the article uses the branches of Y-chromosome (or paternal branches) which originated in the period of the Last Glaciation. According to the hypothesis to be researched, the major phenomenon in the geological past which could have caused genetic differences by means of reproductive distancing of human populations (i.e. isolation) was the succession of minimal temperatures over the period of glaciation. The author’s hypothesis was motivated by the fact that the dates of temperature minimums almost coincided with the times of origination of paternal branches presumed by other scholars. Consequently, it was the distribution of the biomes during these minimums that must have affected creation and dissemination of paternal branches. Fig. 1, Tab. 6, Ref. 1. Auth.
-=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA
Origin and historical significance of artificial cranial deformations found in Samtavro cemeteryin the Early Middle Ages.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA 1.6.1.2.10. Origin and historical significance of artificial cranial deformations found in Samtavro cemetery in the Early Middle Ages. /N. Tavartkiladze/. West Caucasus - Archaeological Context. – 2020. – #1. – pp. 94- 116. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng., rus. The work is based on the research of normally and artificially deformed skulls of the Samtavro Cemetery, dating back to the period the Early Middle Ages. The skulls are now located in the anthropological research laboratory of the Ivane Javakhisvili Institute of History and Ethnology. Apart from the skulls themselves, the craniological catalogue, located in the same institute, as well as individual blank of each of the skulls was used for the research. Archaeological diary from the Georgian National Museum has also been used for the research, through which, information about the cemetery types, burial rites and artifacts was acquired. The work analyzes the types of cranial deformations, the sexual and age structures of the buried, markers of the physiological stress and anomaly frequencies in the population of this period. The inventory is also distributed between those with deformations and those without them, in order to analyze if the deformations implied being part of the elite parts of the society. There are tables distributing information about those with deformed and non-deformed skulls, based on their gender and age, which gives a clear picture of the lifespan of those with and without skull deformations. For the purpose of understanding underlying reasons for the skull deformation, historical sources have been analyzed and the reasons summarized in order to determine why the artificial deformation took place among those living in Mtskheta territory. Fig. 7, Tab. 7, Ref. 28. Auth.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA 1.6.1.2.9. Pitiakhshs in ancient Iberia. /Z. Bragvadze/. West Coucasus - Archaeological Context. – 2020. – #1. – pp. 80-93. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng., rus. Archaeological artifacts found in Bori village in 1902 are preserved in the State Hrmitage Museum in Saint Petersburg. Among the material particularly interesting is a silver cup with an Aramaic inscription: ‘Kind Pitiakhsh Buzmihri. The inscription revealed that the office of pitiakhsh existed in the kingdom of Iberia in Roman epoch. Indeed, it is interesting whether the burial in which the object in question was discovered was the ossuary of a pitiakhsh. The point is that generally sarcophagi or crypts are not found in Bori – there are only pit-burials there - which, in my opinion, excludes the presence of the burial of a pitiakhsh here, and the rich inventory discovered alongside the cup with the inscription does not belong to a pitiakhsh either. It is more believable that this cup is Pitiakhsh Buzmihr’s gift. There are a few similar occasions known in the kingdom of Iberia in Roman period. Where exactly is the burial of Pitiakhsh Buzimihr? This question has not been answered yet. Apart from other problems the article deals with the chronological order of the pitiakhshs of Armaziskhevi cemetery and leads one to an opinion that the pitiakhshs are buried only in burials 1, 2 and 3. In addition, the article looks at the problem of interrelation between the pitiakhshs’ burials and the structures in Armaziskhevi and expresses an idea that the structures date to earlier period than the burials. In the 70s (no later than 75 AD) the residential area was destroyed as a result of an earthquake and since then the area was used as a cemetery of the Armaziskhevi pitiakhshs and their family members. Ref. 43. Auth.
A review of M. Kazanski's article: the burial rites with a shield in the late antique period in thenorthern and eastern coast of the Black Sea.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA 1.6.1.2.8. A review of M. Kazanski's article: the burial rites with a shield in the late antique period in the northern and eastern coast of the Black Sea. /I. Anchabadze/. West Coucasus - Archaeological Context. – 2020. – #1. – pp. 72-79. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng., rus. In the work the author discusses several burials of the late antique period containing shield bosses (umbo) discovered on the Black Sea Coast (including the territory of Abkhazia) and several presumable provenances of so called Germanic, Thracian and Romanized Eastern traditions of placing items in burials. As a result of critical discussion of the article, based on a number of archaeological data, the given review points to the presence of strong local roots of the tradition in question. Ref. 21. Auth.
New Finds in Ortvala Klde; An Innovative Vision of the Paleolithic and New Objectives ofResearch.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA 1.6.1.2.7. New Finds in Ortvala Klde; An Innovative Vision of the Paleolithic and New Objectives of Research. /N. Tushabramishvili/. West Coucasus - Archaeological Context. – 2020. – #1. – pp. 43-71. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng., rus. The article discusses the outcomes of research which proves cohabitation of two populations – the Neanderthals and modern humans in Ortvala Klde. Yet as early as in 1994, I expressed the opinion that in Georgia there existed the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition period, and that it was possible that modern and Neanderthal humans lived simultaneously, or coexisted. The new laboratory analysis carried out abroad in the late 2018, in fact, confirmed the dates identified by me and the theoretical presumption of coexistence. In other words, as a result of substantial, multidisciplinary research it has been concluded that the Middle Paleolithic industry could belong to both the Neanderthals and the Homo sapiens. I am convinced the given definition will alter the attitude of the world prehistorians towards the industries of Middle Paleolithic. Recent research showed a necessary for conducting a repeated investigation of Georgia’s paleoenvironment, conditioned by the most recent discovery of the fossil of a macaque of the Pleistocene era in the Ortvala Klde. Fig. 20, Tab. 11, Ref. 56. Auth.
The geopolitical context of the flax crop in the ancient Colchis
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA 1.6.1.2.6. The geopolitical context of the flax crop in the ancient Colchis. /D. Lomitashvili/. West Coucasus - Archaeological Context. – 2020. – #1. – pp. 13-26. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng., rus. The finds of Nokalakevi expedition provided noteworthy material with regard to the development of flax production in Colchis. The central and eastern sections of the lower terrace of Nokalakevi city-site (where certain concentration of archaeological sites dated to the 8th -1st cc BC are observed) yielded a number of pyramidal clay weights of a vertical weaving loom alongside the spindle-whorls of many different shapes and material. Dated from the II millennium BC to the Hellenistic period including, the items obtained through archaeological excavations and listed in the present article support the opinion that the pyramidal ceramic loom weights discovered in Colchis at the sites of different period are actually the weights of vertical weaving looms. In terms of time, archaeological data give priority to the vertical looms. As far as the horizontal weaving looms are concerned, they, indeed, coexist alongside the vertical ones from a certain period. The finds revealed at Nokalakevi city-site can be considered to be another proof of the hypothesis that the Georgian weaving looms, which are characterized by originality, developed and improved over time. The process of their development did not take place separately. The looms with their original forms are among the cultural achievements of ancient peoples. Ref. 39. Auth.
The Reconstruction 0f Shiraki’s Valeey’s Paleo Environment: The First Trace OfState Formation In South Caucasus. ThePrimary Results Of The Research
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-E-ISSN 2667-9353: SOUTH CAUCASUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT /NATIONAL AGENCY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION OF GEORGIA 1.6.1.2.5. Reconstruction of the Shiraki Valley paleoenvironment: the first traces of the state formation in the South Caucasus. The primary research results. /K. Pitskhelauri/. West Caucasus - Archaeological Context. – 2020. – #1. – pp. 28-42. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng., rus. Modern archaeology has long gone beyond the research of cultural heritage of humanity and aims to study human and historical environment as a whole. A research of the past of the community of any region and epoch should commence with characterization of the contemporaneous paleoenvironment, as it is the changeable, epochal differences that the whole system of economic, social and political development of the society is based on. Thus, unless reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of certain epochs occurs from the very beginning, every effort of proper interpretation of the past of any society will be conducted with major flaws, will be prone to substantial mistakes and establishment of the truth will be difficult. Fig. 8, Tab. 1, Ref. 6. Auth.
Chalcolithic Settlement at Bronze Cave, Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (Republic of Georgia, Imereti).
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe) 1.6.1.2.3. Chalcolithic Settlement at Bronze Cave, Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (Republic of Georgia, Imereti). /N. Tskvitinidze, N. Tsikaridze, E. Kvavadze, D. Lordkipanidze/. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). – 2020. – v. 14. – #2. – pp. 127-131. – eng.; abs.: geo., eng. The present paper provides a brief research of new Chalcolithic materials discovered at the bronze cave, Tsutskhvati cave complex. A small number of Chalcolithic sites in West Georgia enhances importance of this discovery and makes it unique. The Chalcolithic culture of West Georgia is very distinct. It has close connections with both the earlier Neolithic culture, and the later Early Bronze. Compared to the Neolithic period, the Chalcolithic lithic and ceramic industries show change. Lithic techniques are more concentrated on pressure flaking, while pottery loses decorative elements and becomes focused on the utilitarian functionality without aesthetic embellishment. The discovery of copper objects and crucibles shows evidence of cold forging and the emergence of metallurgy. Previously, the upper layers of Bronze cave thought to belong the Early Bronze Age, but following a comparative-typological analysis of the discovered materials, we can conclude that the Bronze cave was inhabited in the Chalcolithic era and used as a permanent or temporary shelter. This discovery provides us with important update about West Georgian Chalcolithic period, enriches its scarce collections, is a novelty for the site and finally this research is important to qualify holistically the process of site formation. Fig. 4, Ref. 14. Auth.
-=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe)
Tools and Techniques Used by Goldsmiths in Ancient Georgia
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe) 1.6.1.2.2. Tools and Techniques Used by Goldsmiths in Ancient Georgia. /E. Magradze/. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). – 2020. – v. 14. – #2. – pp. 122-126. – eng.; abs.: geo., eng. The present paper reports on some tools and techniques developed by goldsmith in the workshops of ancient Georgia. The written sources concerning the processing of precious metals and special tools used for this in the jewelry practice widely known in the world are taken into consideration. On the basis of theoretical and practical data contained in these sources, as well as the results of the conducted experiments, it was shown that the so-called Trialeti goblet, an artifact dated back to the early second millennium BC, was made using the similar tools and techniques. The monument is kept at the archeological treasury of the Simon Janashia National Museum of Georgia. Fig. 6., Ref. 6. Auth
A New View on the Caucasus in the System of Old Civilizations.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.2. Archaeology, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe) 1.6.1.2.1. A New View on the Caucasus in the System of Old Civilizations. /K. Pitskhelauri/. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). – 2019. – v. 13. – #1. – pp. 188-195. – eng.; abs.: geo., eng. Conducting archaeological studies with the use of modern digital technologies and analyzing the obtained material on the basis of the natural sciences will create an important innovative base that is designed to conduct the research process in the right direction and will reclaim the Caucasus its rightful place in the system of Middle East civilizations. Ref. 21. Auth.
An Interesting Letter in Tudor Archives and the Georgians’ Fight for the Holy Places
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.1. History, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN: 2587-4810; E-ISSN: 2720-8389: David Aghmashenebeli University of Georgia Scientific Journal Spectri 1.6.1.1.5. An Interesting Letter in Tudor Archives and the Georgians’ Fight for the Holy Places. /G. Kalandia/. David Aghmashenebeli University of Georgia Scientific Journal Spectri. – 2020. – #3. – pp. 148-151. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng. This publication discusses one of the documents preserved in the Tudor Archives’ printed collection in the National Library of England. Namely, a letter in Latin named “The Holy Sepulchre” from 1514 intended for the notorious English King Henry VIII. The document tells of the Georgian people’s fight for Calvary in the holy land. As it turns out, in the 16th century, Georgian Christian community was able to direct international or religious processes in Jerusalem in a way that brought the events to the attention of European monarchs. Ref. 11. Auth.
-=-ISSN: 2587-4810; E-ISSN: 2720-8389: David Aghmashenebeli University of Georgia Scientific Journal Spectri
Trade Relations between the Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Iberia in the 1st -3 rd cc. AD.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.1. History, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe) 1.6.1.1.4. Trade Relations between the Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Iberia in the 1st -3 rd cc. AD. /K. Shavlakadze/. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). – 2020. – v. 14. – #1. – pp. 155-159. – eng.; abs.: geo., eng. The paper aims at studying the imported glass unguentaria discovered in the tile graves of Samtavro necropolis excavated at Mtskheta in the eastern part of Georgia (former Kingdom of Iberia), finding parallels of the finds and identifying Iberia’s links and trade relations with the Roman Empire. Glass unguentaria, lacrimarii and flasks represent the homogeneous group of the burial inventory of tile graves dated to the 1st -3rd cc AD; they were presumably imported from Syria which was under the Roman influence at the time. All of the imported glassware is produced by a blowpipe. Besides Iberia these vessels occur on many sites of the Roman Empire and its environs (e.g. Northern Black Sea Area, South Caucasus, etc.). As Mtskheta (the capital of Iberia) was located on the crossroads of ancient trade route connecting east to west, different luxury goods, like unguentaria with frankinsense oil and miniature lacrimarii with perfumes and medicines were delivered to satisfy the cosmetic needs of the local aristocracy. It should be assumed that Syrian products carried by these glass containers were being brought in Iberia via Armenia and would head towards Mtskheta and were eventually distributed to different town centres of the Iberian Kingdom. Ref. 10. Auth.
Antefix Inscription from Chitakhevi Church and Kviriketsmida Monastery, Georgia.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.1. History, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe) 1.6.1.1.3. Antefix Inscription from Chitakhevi Church and Kviriketsmida Monastery, Georgia. /T. Gogoladze/. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). – 2019. – v. 13. – #1. – pp. 182-187. – eng.; abs.: geo., eng. Until recently, location of the Kviriketsminda Monastery founded by Christopher, one of the disciples of St. Gregory of Khantsta, which is mentioned in the life of the above saint, was disputed as either being in the vicinity of the village of Sakuneti (a site of the village of Kvirike) or nearby the village of Akhaldaba (the Potoleti church). It was also identified with the well-known Chitakhevi church or the Kviriketsminda monastery opposite the village of Kvabiskhevi. We have studied an antefix inscription from Chitakhevi church and graffiti from Potoleti church and arrived at the conclusion that the Chitakhevi and Potoleti churches are not the same as the Kviriketsminda Monastery founded by Christopher. We have studied Georgian narrative sources concerning the Monastery complex of Kviriketsminda, compared them with the results of epigraphical study and resolved the problem related to the location of Kviriketsminda mentioned in the “Life of St. Gregory of Khantsta”: based on convincing arguments we hold that Kviriketsminda mentioned in the “Life of St. Gregory of Khantsta” and the monastery complex of Sakvirike opposite Kvabiskhevi are the same. Correspondingly, we date the monastery complex to the 840s. Fig. 1, Ref. 15. Auth.
Education in the First Republic of Georgia (1918-1921).
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.1. History, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe) 1.6.1.1.2. Education in the First Republic of Georgia (1918-1921). /N. Songhulashvili/. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). – 2020. – v. 14, #1. – pp. 144-147. – eng.; abs.: geo., eng. After the restoration of Georgia's state independence in 1918, the Georgian political and cultural elite resolved various problems. The 1918-1921 years were politically highly charged period in the history of Georgia. The declaration of independence brought many problems together with many positive developments. That was related to the preservation and revival of national symbols, as well as to political, social, economic, and cultural reforms that envisaged eventual changes of the consciousness of the Georgian society within the frames of a new state. Along with various state-of-the-art transformations and measures, all the problems that constituted the remnant of Russian rule were to be resolved. This primarily concerned the education system. There was an urgent need to carry out educational work in the Georgian language in schools. Ref. 1. Auth.
Some Issues of Political Legitimization through the Cult of Saints in the Late Antique Caucasus.
Section: 6.1. History & archaeology (2021) Categories: 6. Humanities, 6.1 History & archaeology , 6.1.1. History, -=-ACCEPTED JOURNALS:, -=-ISSN:0132-1447: Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe) 1.6.1.1.1. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Moambe). –2020. –v.14.–#1. –pp.137-143. –eng.; abs.: geo., eng. The paper discusses the regional peculiarities of the cult of saints in the Late Antique Caucasus. It argues that the Caucasian, i.e. Albanian, Armenian and Georgian written sources introduce distinct concepts, practices and rhetoric of sanctity into the saintly discourses of the Eastern Roman Empire. In late antique Caucasian sources one can identify a particularly strong interest in the interrelationship of the cult of saints and the political discourses, most notably in the context of the legitimization of royal rule. For this purpose the paper analyzes two late antique literary productions: Agathangelos’ fifth-century History of the Armenians, written in Armenian, and the anonymous Life of Vachagan III the Pious, a part of the History of Albanians, also written in Armenian albeit with a complicated date, with a brief reference to the Georgian Conversion of Kartli. Based on a study of these texts, the paper further argues that the politicization of saints’ relics that these texts engage are on the one hand adopted from eastern Roman rhetoric, in particular Constantinian and Theodosian authors, and, on the other hand, borrowed from Iranian and Zoroastrian concepts of royal investiture. According to these early Caucasian narratives, the relics serve the purpose of legitimizing the political state of affairs; they sanctify a monarch’s rule through creating a metaphysical bridge between the foundations of Christianity and the recent times, by assigning to the kingdom or monarch a central place in the history of universal salvation. Ref. 6. Auth. View article at publisher